Test Session Chapter 8 Bioenergetics (9th Biology)

Multiple Choice Questions 10×1=10

1 Which wavelengths of light are absorbed to maximum by chlorophylls?

A Green and blue

B Green and red

C Red and blue

D Only green

2 What is a common byproduct of anaerobic respiration in animal cells?

A Oxygen

B Water

C Lactic acid

D Carbon dioxide

3 What is the primary source of energy for plants?

A Oxi-red reactions

B Photosynthesis

C Cellular respiration

D None of these

4 Which of the following is not a subunit of ATP?

A Adenine

B Ribose

C Glucose

D Phosphate groups

5 What is the main product of photosynthesis?

A Oxygen

B Carbon dioxide

C Glucose

D ATP

6 In which part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle take place?

A Thylakoid membrane

B Stroma

C Inner membrane

D Outer membrane

7 Which molecule is most commonly used by cells to obtain energy?

A Protein

B Glucose

C Fat

D DNA

8 Where does glycolysis occur?

A Mitochondria

B Nucleus

C Cytoplasm

D Cell membrane

9 What is the net gain of ATP molecules during glycolysis?

A 1 ATP

B 2 ATP

C 5 ATP

D 6 ATP

10 Which of the following is a product of lactic acid fermentation?

A Alcohol

B Carbon dioxide

C Glucose

D Lactic acid

Short Answer Questions 15×2=30

1 What do ATP and ADP mean? What are the roles of these molecules for the cellular metabolism?

ATP

Adenosine Triphosphate

⇌

ADP

Adenosine Diphosphate

2 Why is chlorophyll important for photosynthesis?

3 How is oxygen produced during photosynthesis?

4 Which organisms carry out photosynthesis? Which cell organelle is responsible for the absorption of light for photosynthesis?

5 Define anaerobic and aerobic respiration.

6 What are the end products of anaerobic respiration in animals and yeast?

Hint: Animals produce lactic acid, yeast produces ethanol and CO₂

7 How do muscles respond to oxygen deficiency during intense exercise?

8 Define Bioenergetics?

9 Write full forms of following:
(a) ATP (b) ADP (c) AMP

ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate
ADP = Adenosine Diphosphate
AMP = Adenosine Monophosphate

10 Differentiate between light and dark reaction?

11 What is cellular respiration?

12 What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

13 What are the two types of anaerobic respiration?

14 What is lactic acid fermentation?

15 What is alcoholic fermentation?

Detailed Answer Questions (Answer any 2) 2×5=10

1 How does the structure of ATP enable it to store and release energy efficiently?

ATP

⚡

ADP

Key Points:
1. High-energy phosphate bonds between phosphate groups
2. Breaking of terminal phosphate bond releases 7.3 kcal/mol
3. Reversible reaction: ATP ⇌ ADP + Pi + energy
4. Adenine base for recognition by enzymes
5. Ribose sugar for structural stability

2 How do plants and animals differ in the way they acquire energy from their surroundings, and what processes are involved in each case?

Plants: Photosynthesis (Sunlight → Chemical Energy)
Animals: Cellular Respiration (Chemical Energy → ATP)

3 How does the continuous cycle of ATP formation and breakdown facilitate the transfer of energy between metabolic reactions in cells?

ATP

⇄

ADP

Energy Cycle Functions:
1. ATP hydrolysis provides energy for endergonic reactions
2. ATP synthesis stores energy from exergonic reactions
3. Acts as universal energy currency
4. Links catabolic and anabolic pathways
5. Maintains cellular energy homeostasis