Magnetic Force on Current:

F = I L B sinθ

where F = force (N)

I = current (A)

L = length of conductor (m)

B = magnetic field (T)

θ = angle between I and B

Magnetic Force on Charge:

F = q v B sinθ

where q = charge (C)

v = velocity (m/s)

B = magnetic field (T)

θ = angle between v and B

Motional EMF:

ε = B L v sinθ

where ε = induced emf (V)

B = magnetic field (T)

L = length of conductor (m)

v = velocity (m/s)

θ = angle between v and B

Faraday’s Law:

ε = -N ΔΦ/Δt

where ε = induced emf (V)

N = number of turns

ΔΦ = change in magnetic flux (Wb)

Δt = time interval (s)