Test Session Chap#5: Solids and Fluid Dynamics (1st Year Physics)

Stress-Strain Curve

Chart Points:

• Elastic Limit: Point where material returns to original shape

• Yield Point: Point where permanent deformation begins

• Ultimate Tensile Strength: Maximum stress material can withstand

• Fracture Point: Point where material breaks

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Short Answer Questions

Important Formulas

Solids (Elasticity):

Stress: σ = F/A

Strain: ε = ΔL/L

Young’s Modulus: Y = σ/ε

Hooke’s Law: F = kΔL

Fluid Dynamics:

Bernoulli’s Eq: P + ½ρv² + ρgh = constant

Archimedes’ Principle: F_b = ρVg

Continuity Eq: A₁v₁ = A₂v₂

Torricelli’s Law: v = √(2gh)

Buoyancy:

Float if: ρ_object < ρ_fluid

Sink if: ρ_object > ρ_fluid

Neutral if: ρ_object = ρ_fluid

Buoyancy Calculator

Will it Float?

Object Density (kg/m³):

Fluid Density (kg/m³):

Detailed Answer Questions

Question 1 (5 marks)

Justify that mass remains conserved when a fluid flows through a pipe.

Question 2 (5 marks)

A tank filled with water has a hole at a depth of 5 m from the water surface. Calculate the velocity of water flowing out of the hole. (Numerical Problem)

Question 3 (5 marks)

Draw a stress-strain curve for a ductile material, and then define the terms: Elastic limit, yield point and ultimate tensile stress.

Note: Answer any 2 questions. Each question carries 5 marks.

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