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Q1. Choose the correct option. (10 Marks, 1 mark each)
1. The enzyme responsible for converting HIV RNA into DNA is:
2. Invagination of …… is known as mesosomes.
3. During sporulation how many membrane surrounds the isolated DNA and cytoplasm?
4. Which structure is released when the vegetative breaks during sporulation?
5. Which part of flagella connects the basal body to the filament?
6. …… is direct benefit provided by intestinal bacteria?
7. The primary role of normal flora in the gut includes:
8. An envelope virus derives its outer membrane from:
9. AIDS was first definitely linked to HIV in:
10. HIV’s ability to infect but not cause AIDS in monkeys suggests:
10 multiple choice questions
Q2. Write down short answers of following questions. (20 Marks)
i Write about the structural components of a bacterial cell wall and their arrangement.
ii Write the composition of the peptidoglycan layer in bacterial cell walls.
iii How can plasmids be used in genetic engineering?
iv Write the role of pili in bacterial cells. How do they differ from flagella?
v What is the significance of lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins in Gram-negative bacteria?
vi Define Plasmid.
vii What are endospores?
viii What triggers the process of sporulation in bacteria?
ix Differentiate between atrichous bacteria and peritrichous bacteria.
x What is the protein composition of bacterial flagella?
xi What are two ways normal flora protects against pathogens?
xii Where is normal flora primarily located in healthy humans and where is it absent?
xiii What characteristics makes bacteriophage structurally distinct from other viruses?
xiv Name any two shapes of animals and plants viruses.
xv Discuss the role of bacteriophage in genetic engineering.
15 short answer questions
Q3. Write detailed answers of the following questions. (Answer any 2) (20 Marks)
1. State the formation of endospore in bacteria.
2. Define the term normal flora. State the benefits which we get from normal bacterial flora.
3. Discuss the cytoplasmic structure and genetic material of bacteria.
3 detailed questions (answer any 2)
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