Deductions – Logical Reasoning

Introduction

This section of logical reasoning comprises of questions put in the form of puzzles involving certain numbers of items, persons or things. The student is required to analyze the given information, condense it, in a suitable form and deduce the result asked in the question.

Study Guidelines

1

Read Carefully

Read each puzzle carefully. Underline key information and relationships between elements.

2

Create Tables/Charts

Draw tables, charts, or diagrams to organize information visually. This helps eliminate confusion.

3

Elimination Method

Use elimination method when options are given. Cross out impossible combinations systematically.

4

Practice Regularly

Practice different types of puzzles daily to improve speed and accuracy.

Puzzle Questions (1-30)

Questions 1-2: Family Professions

There is a family of six persons G, J, B, E, T and Z. Their professions are teacher, writer, actor, singer, dancer and lawyer but not respectively in the same order. G is a teacher. Z is a dancer. B is neither writer nor actor. E is neither singer nor lawyer. T is an actor. J is a lawyer.
1
Which profession does E belong to?
A Writer
B Teacher
C Singer
D Dancer
2
Who among them has a profession of singer?
A E
B T
C B
D J

Questions 18-19: Age Ordering

  1. Amna is older than Sanya.
  2. Muskan is elder than Amna but younger than Kashmala.
  3. Kashmala is elder than Sanya.
  4. Sanya is younger than Muskan.
  5. Gulrukh is the eldest.
18
Who is the youngest?
A Kashmala
B Amna
C Muskan
D Sanya
19
Age wise, who is in the middle?
A Kashmala
B Amna
C Muskan
D Sanya

Direction Puzzles (31-40)

Direction Based Questions

31
A rat runs 20m towards East and turns to right, runs 10m and turns to right, runs 9m and again turns to left, runs 5m and then turns to left, runs 12m and finally turns to left and runs 6m. Now, which direction is the rat facing?
A East
B West
C North
D South
35
Kamran walks 10km towards North. From there he walks 6km towards South. Then, he walks 3km towards East. How far and in which direction is he with reference to his starting point?
A 5 km West
B 7 km West
C 7 km East
D 5 km North-east

Statement Based Questions (41-55)

True/False/Uncertain Questions

41

Statements:

1. Blueberries cost more than strawberries.

2. Blueberries cost less than raspberries.

3. Raspberries cost more than strawberries and blueberries.

If the first two statements are true, the third statement is:

A True
B False
C Uncertain
D None of these
45

Statements:

1. Maryum is sitting in the desk behind Jameel.

2. Jameel is sitting in the desk behind Basit.

3. Basit is sitting in the desk behind Maryum.

If the first two statements are true, the third statement is:

A True
B False
C Uncertain
D None of these

Past Paper MCQs (NMDCAT/MDCAT)

NMDCAT 2021 Questions

PP1
If Sania runs faster than Aneela and Aneela runs slower than Faiza, then:
A Sania and Faiza have same speed
B Sania have highest speed
C Faiza have highest speed
D Highest speed cannot be predicted

💡 Puzzle Solving Tips

Use Grid Method

Create a grid/table for puzzles involving multiple attributes (like persons, professions, colors). Mark ✓ for yes and ✗ for no systematically.

Relative Positioning

For seating/position puzzles, draw circles for seats and label them. Use arrows to show relationships.

Ordering Technique

For age/height/speed comparisons, write inequalities and arrange them in order. Use > and < symbols clearly.

Direction Mapping

For direction questions, draw coordinate axes (North-South, East-West). Track each turn step by step.

Logical Flow

For statement questions, create logical chains: If A > B and B > C, then A > C. Watch for “cannot be determined” cases.

📊 Quick Reference

Time Management

Spend 1-2 minutes on simple puzzles, 3-4 minutes on complex ones. Skip and return if stuck.

Common Patterns

Look for: Mutual exclusivity, One-to-one relationships, Transitive properties (if A=B and B=C then A=C).

Common Mistakes

Avoid: Assuming gender, Adding extra information, Misreading “neither/nor”, Confusing left/right directions.