⚡ Electrolysis: CuSO₄ | @everexams.com
⚡ everexams | chemistry mastery

⚡ 16.12 Electrolysis of Copper Sulphate (inert & copper electrodes)

🔋 Dilute CuSO₄ with inert electrodes (Pt / C)

Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulphate with inert electrodes results in decomposition of water and copper(II) sulphate. Copper metal is deposited at the cathode and oxygen gas at the anode.

Cathode (reduction): Cu²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → Cu(s)
Anode (oxidation): 4OH⁻(aq) → O₂(g) + 2H₂O(l) + 4e⁻

Since Cu²⁺ concentration decreases slowly, the blue colour of the solution fades with time.

🧠 Mnemonic: “RED CAT – AN OX” – Reduction at cathode, Oxidation at anode. For inert: Cu plates on cathode, oxygen bubbles at anode.

⚙️ With Copper electrodes (active)

If copper electrodes are used instead of inert, the copper anode dissolves (mass decreases) and copper ions go into solution.

Cathode: Cu²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → Cu(s)
Anode: Cu(s) → Cu²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ (oxidation)

The blue colour remains roughly constant because Cu²⁺ removed at cathode is replenished by anode dissolving.

⚡ 16.4 Quick Check! Why carbon electrodes in concentrated NaCl?

Carbon (graphite) is inert and does not react with chlorine produced at anode; it’s also conductive and cheap. In concentrated NaCl, chlorine gas forms at anode, and carbon withstands attack.

Memorize: Carbon electrodes are used for brine electrolysis because they are inert, conductive, and resist Cl₂.

📘 Student success guidelines

📝 10 MCQs Quiz (Electrolysis of Copper Sulphate & brine)

Click option – correct turns green, others red. Use submit to see score & key.