Prepare for Pharmacology II with MCQs on the Autonomous Nervous System (ANS). Explore key concepts, including sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, neurotransmitters, and drug actions for exam success.
MCQs on Unit 3: Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
- What type of neurons are responsible for carrying motor impulses from the CNS to the effector organs?
- A) Sensory neurons
- B) Motor neurons
- C) Interneurons
- D) Enteric neurons
- Answer: B
- Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the parasympathetic nervous system?
- A) Norepinephrine
- B) Dopamine
- C) Acetylcholine
- D) Serotonin
- Answer: C
- Preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system originate from which regions of the spinal cord?
- A) Cervical and sacral
- B) Thoracic and lumbar
- C) Lumbar and sacral
- D) Cranial and thoracic
- Answer: B
- Which neurotransmitter is released by both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons?
- A) Dopamine
- B) Serotonin
- C) Acetylcholine
- D) Epinephrine
- Answer: C
- In the ANS, what is the role of postganglionic neurons?
- A) Conduct nerve impulses to the CNS
- B) Relay signals within the ganglia
- C) Transmit signals to effector organs
- D) Provide feedback to preganglionic neurons
- Answer: C
- The sympathetic nervous system mainly mediates which of the following responses?
- A) Rest and digest
- B) Fight or flight
- C) Voluntary muscle movement
- D) Hormone secretion
- Answer: B
- What is a key effect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart?
- A) Decreased heart rate
- B) Increased heart rate
- C) Decreased contractility
- D) Vasodilation of coronary vessels
- Answer: B
- Parasympathetic stimulation causes which of the following effects on the gastrointestinal tract?
- A) Decreased motility
- B) Increased secretion and motility
- C) Relaxation of the sphincters
- D) Contraction of the sphincters
- Answer: B
- Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down acetylcholine at the synapse?
- A) Monoamine oxidase
- B) Acetylcholinesterase
- C) Catechol-O-methyltransferase
- D) Adenosine triphosphatase
- Answer: B
- Atropine, a muscarinic antagonist, causes which of the following effects?
- A) Miosis
- B) Bradycardia
- C) Mydriasis
- D) Increased saliva production
- Answer: C
- What kind of receptor does norepinephrine primarily act on in the sympathetic nervous system?
- A) Muscarinic receptors
- B) Nicotinic receptors
- C) Alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
- D) Dopaminergic receptors
- Answer: C
- Which drug is an example of a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker?
- A) Succinylcholine
- B) Tubocurarine
- C) Epinephrine
- D) Physostigmine
- Answer: B
- What is the therapeutic use of pralidoxime in cases of organophosphate poisoning?
- A) Inhibits acetylcholinesterase
- B) Reverses the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
- C) Blocks nicotinic receptors
- D) Stimulates muscarinic receptors
- Answer: B
- Beta-blockers, such as propranolol, are contraindicated in which condition?
- A) Hypertension
- B) Glaucoma
- C) Asthma
- D) Hyperthyroidism
- Answer: C
- Which adrenergic receptor subtype is primarily responsible for vasoconstriction?
- A) Alpha-1
- B) Beta-1
- C) Alpha-2
- D) Beta-2
- Answer: A
- Echothiophate is an example of what type of cholinergic drug?
- A) Direct-acting agonist
- B) Indirect-acting reversible inhibitor
- C) Indirect-acting irreversible inhibitor
- D) Cholinergic antagonist
- Answer: C
- What effect does stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors have on the bronchioles?
- A) Constriction
- B) Dilation
- C) Increased secretion
- D) No effect
- Answer: B
- What is the function of ganglionic blockers like mecamylamine?
- A) Stimulate the release of acetylcholine
- B) Block nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia
- C) Inhibit acetylcholinesterase
- D) Stimulate muscarinic receptors
- Answer: B
- Which of the following is a major adverse effect associated with non-selective beta-blockers?
- A) Hypotension
- B) Hyperglycemia
- C) Bronchoconstriction
- D) Tachycardia
- Answer: C
- Sympathomimetic drugs that act directly on adrenergic receptors include:
- A) Epinephrine
- B) Amphetamine
- C) Cocaine
- D) Reserpine
- Answer: A
- The enteric nervous system primarily controls which bodily function?
- A) Cardiac muscle contraction
- B) Skeletal muscle movement
- C) Gastrointestinal motility
- D) Respiratory rate
- Answer: C
- Which cholinergic drug is used during ophthalmic surgery to produce miosis?
- A) Atropine
- B) Acetylcholine
- C) Physostigmine
- D) Epinephrine
- Answer: B
- The primary neurotransmitter at adrenergic synapses in the ANS is:
- A) Acetylcholine
- B) Norepinephrine
- C) Dopamine
- D) Serotonin
- Answer: B
- The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems typically exhibit which type of interaction?
- A) Synergistic
- B) Antagonistic
- C) Cooperative
- D) Independent
- Answer: B
- What action does the sympathetic nervous system have on the blood vessels supplying skeletal muscles?
- A) Vasoconstriction
- B) Vasodilation
- C) No change
- D) Inhibition of blood flow
- Answer: B
- Which drug is used to treat myasthenia gravis by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase?
- A) Atropine
- B) Neostigmine
- C) Succinylcholine
- D) Propranolol
- Answer: B
- Cholinergic antagonists generally cause which of the following effects on the bladder?
- A) Increased contraction
- B) Decreased tone and motility
- C) Increased secretion
- D) Stimulation of detrusor muscle
- Answer: B
- Nicotinic receptors are found in all the following locations except:
- A) Skeletal muscle
- B) Autonomic ganglia
- C) Cardiac muscle
- D) Adrenal medulla
- Answer: C
- Stimulation of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors leads to:
- A) Increased heart rate
- B) Inhibition of norepinephrine release
- C) Bronchodilation
- D) Increased insulin secretion
- Answer: B
- Which of the following drugs is a selective alpha-1 antagonist used for hypertension?
- A) Propranolol
- B) Prazosin
- C) Epinephrine
- D) Amphetamine
- Answer: B
- Which neurotransmitter is released by sympathetic postganglionic neurons?
- A) Acetylcholine
- B) Dopamine
- C) Norepinephrine
- D) Serotonin
- Answer: C
- Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors are primarily located in:
- A) Cardiac muscle
- B) Smooth muscles of blood vessels
- C) Bronchial tissue
- D) Skeletal muscle
- Answer: B
- Muscarinic receptors are primarily found in which part of the autonomic nervous system?
- A) Sympathetic ganglia
- B) Parasympathetic postganglionic effectors
- C) Central nervous system
- D) Neuromuscular junction
- Answer: B
- Stimulation of beta-1 adrenergic receptors primarily results in:
- A) Bronchoconstriction
- B) Increased heart rate and contractility
- C) Vasoconstriction
- D) Decreased renin secretion
- Answer: B
- Which drug is commonly used to treat glaucoma by reducing intraocular pressure?
- A) Atropine
- B) Timolol
- C) Epinephrine
- D) Succinylcholine
- Answer: B
- Beta-2 adrenergic agonists are commonly used to treat:
- A) Hypertension
- B) Asthma
- C) Bradycardia
- D) Glaucoma
- Answer: B
- What effect does blocking muscarinic receptors have on the gastrointestinal tract?
- A) Increases motility
- B) Decreases motility
- C) Increases secretions
- D) Causes miosis
- Answer: B
- Which adrenergic receptor subtype is involved in increasing lipolysis in adipose tissue?
- A) Alpha-1
- B) Alpha-2
- C) Beta-1
- D) Beta-3
- Answer: D
- In cases of anaphylactic shock, which drug is commonly administered?
- A) Atropine
- B) Epinephrine
- C) Propranolol
- D) Neostigmine
- Answer: B
- What is the main action of reserpine on the autonomic nervous system?
- A) Stimulates beta receptors
- B) Inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine
- C) Depletes catecholamines from nerve endings
- D) Blocks muscarinic receptors
- Answer: C
- Alpha-2 agonists are sometimes used for their ability to:
- A) Increase blood pressure
- B) Decrease sympathetic outflow from the CNS
- C) Stimulate skeletal muscle
- D) Enhance bronchodilation
- Answer: B
- Which receptor type mediates the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system on the heart?
- A) Beta-1
- B) Nicotinic
- C) Alpha-1
- D) Muscarinic
- Answer: D
- Dopaminergic receptors in the ANS are primarily involved in regulating:
- A) Gastrointestinal motility
- B) Cardiac output
- C) Renal blood flow
- D) Bronchial tone
- Answer: C
- Which of the following drugs is used to reverse neuromuscular blockade caused by non-depolarizing agents?
- A) Neostigmine
- B) Atropine
- C) Epinephrine
- D) Dopamine
- Answer: A
- The drug dobutamine is primarily used to treat:
- A) Bronchospasm
- B) Bradycardia
- C) Acute heart failure
- D) Hypertension
- Answer: C
- Which receptor subtype is targeted to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
- A) Alpha-1A
- B) Beta-1
- C) Beta-2
- D) Alpha-2
- Answer: A
- Which adrenergic agonist is known for its ability to cause vasodilation in skeletal muscle vasculature?
- A) Norepinephrine
- B) Epinephrine
- C) Dopamine
- D) Phenylephrine
- Answer: B
- Beta-1 selective blockers are particularly useful in treating:
- A) Bronchoconstriction
- B) Hypertension and angina
- C) Peripheral vasodilation
- D) Tachycardia caused by asthma
- Answer: B
- What is the effect of stimulating alpha-1 receptors in the eye?
- A) Miosis
- B) Mydriasis
- C) Decreased intraocular pressure
- D) Blurred vision
- Answer: B
- Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for the transmission of impulses in autonomic ganglia?
- A) Acetylcholine
- B) Dopamine
- C) Norepinephrine
- D) Epinephrine
- Answer: A
