Prepare for Unit 1 with MCQs on the fundamentals of pharmacology. Cover key topics like drug classifications, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics to excel in exams.
- A) Study of enzymes only
- B) Study of substances interacting with living systems
- C) Study of chemical reactions
- D) Study of anatomy
- Answer: B
- Pharmacokinetics involves the study of:
- A) Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
- B) Only drug metabolism
- C) Drug interactions with receptors
- D) Side effects of drugs
- Answer: A
- Which route is considered enteral?
- A) Intravenous
- B) Oral
- C) Intramuscular
- D) Subcutaneous
- Answer: B
- Parenteral administration is useful when:
- A) The drug is well absorbed in the GI tract
- B) The patient prefers tablets
- C) The drug is poorly absorbed orally
- D) There is no risk of infection
- Answer: C
- Sublingual administration means placing the drug:
- A) Under the tongue
- B) On the skin
- C) In the ear
- D) In the eye
- Answer: A
- What is a disadvantage of the oral route of drug administration?
- A) Slow absorption
- B) Easy to administer
- C) Sterility requirement
- D) Avoids first-pass metabolism
- Answer: A
- Drugs destroyed by digestive enzymes cannot be administered via:
- A) Intravenous
- B) Oral
- C) Sublingual
- D) Inhalation
- Answer: B
- Which is an example of a parenteral route?
- A) Oral
- B) Sublingual
- C) Intramuscular
- D) Rectal
- Answer: C
- Inhalation is commonly used for drugs affecting the:
- A) GI tract
- B) Skin
- C) Lungs
- D) Kidneys
- Answer: C
- The term “first-pass effect” refers to:
- A) Initial absorption in the lungs
- B) Liver metabolism reducing drug concentration
- C) Rapid kidney excretion
- D) Skin absorption
- Answer: B
- Passive diffusion of drugs occurs from:
- A) Low to high concentration
- B) High to low concentration
- C) Active to passive states
- D) High to high concentration
- Answer: B
- Active transport of drugs requires:
- A) Diffusion through lipid membranes
- B) Energy in the form of ATP
- C) Simple osmosis
- D) A neutral pH environment
- Answer: B
- Drug distribution involves the movement of drugs:
- A) From the GI tract to the bloodstream
- B) Within the bloodstream only
- C) Out of the bloodstream into tissues
- D) Directly to the kidneys
- Answer: C
- What is a major site for drug metabolism?
- A) Brain
- B) Liver
- C) Heart
- D) Skin
- Answer: B
- The primary route of drug excretion is via the:
- A) Liver
- B) Sweat glands
- C) Kidneys
- D) Lungs
- Answer: C
- Which is not a parenteral route of drug administration?
- A) Intravenous
- B) Intramuscular
- C) Oral
- D) Subcutaneous
- Answer: C
- Sublingual administration avoids:
- A) Rapid absorption
- B) Oral irritation
- C) First-pass metabolism
- D) High bioavailability
- Answer: C
- The volume of distribution (Vd) indicates:
- A) The drug concentration in plasma
- B) The total amount of drug in the body
- C) The dosage required for efficacy
- D) The distribution of a drug across body compartments
- Answer: D
- Phase I metabolism usually involves:
- A) Conjugation reactions
- B) Filtration
- C) Oxidation
- D) Direct excretion
- Answer: C
- Phase II metabolism primarily consists of:
- A) Reduction reactions
- B) Hydrolysis
- C) Conjugation reactions
- D) Diffusion
- Answer: C
- Which is a characteristic of passive diffusion?
- A) Requires carrier proteins
- B) Moves against the concentration gradient
- C) Moves from high to low concentration
- D) Involves ATP consumption
- Answer: C
- Enteral administration includes:
- A) Sublingual and inhalation
- B) Oral and intravenous
- C) Oral and sublingual
- D) Intramuscular and topical
- Answer: C
- G-protein coupled receptors are activated by:
- A) Binding of a ligand
- B) Direct diffusion
- C) Enzymatic action
- D) Electrical impulses
- Answer: A
- Intravenous administration provides:
- A) Slow absorption
- B) Rapid onset of action
- C) Delayed distribution
- D) Low bioavailability
- Answer: B
- Intramuscular injections are typically used for drugs that are:
- A) Not stable in the stomach
- B) Slowly absorbed
- C) Meant for oral use
- D) Highly soluble in water
- Answer: A
- Which route allows for direct drug entry into systemic circulation?
- A) Oral
- B) Sublingual
- C) Rectal
- D) Topical
- Answer: B
- Parenteral routes are preferred when:
- A) Drugs are stable in the stomach
- B) Rapid action is needed
- C) The patient is conscious and cooperative
- D) There is no urgency for the drug effect
- Answer: B
- Absorption rate depends on:
- A) The storage condition of the drug
- B) The route of administration
- C) The color of the tablet
- D) The time of day
- Answer: B
- Topical administration refers to:
- A) Application on the skin or mucous membranes
- B) Injection into muscle
- C) Oral consumption
- D) Inhalation through the lungs
- Answer: A
- The “first-pass effect” mainly occurs in the:
- A) Kidneys
- B) Liver
- C) Lungs
- D) Heart
- Answer: B
- Which organ has the greatest blood flow, influencing drug distribution?
- A) Liver
- B) Brain
- C) Skin
- D) Muscle
- Answer: B
- For a rapid therapeutic effect, the preferred route is:
- A) Oral
- B) Intravenous
- C) Topical
- D) Rectal
- Answer: B
- Which factor does not affect drug absorption?
- A) Drug solubility
- B) Dosage form
- C) Room temperature
- D) Blood flow at the site of administration
- Answer: C
- Drugs excreted via the lungs include:
- A) Aspirin
- B) Nitrous oxide
- C) Paracetamol
- D) Digoxin
- Answer: B
- Endocytosis is used for drugs that are:
- A) Small molecules
- B) Lipid-soluble only
- C) Very large in size
- D) Electrically charged
- Answer: C
- The most common site for drug metabolism is the:
- A) Brain
- B) Heart
- C) Liver
- D) Skin
- Answer: C
- Bioavailability refers to:
- A) The dosage form of the drug
- B) The fraction of the administered dose reaching systemic circulation
- C) The color and taste of the drug
- D) The time taken to administer the drug
- Answer: B
- Intrathecal injection involves administering drugs into the:
- A) Subcutaneous tissue
- B) Cerebrospinal fluid
- C) Intravenous space
- D) Muscles
- Answer: B
- Which mechanism involves the engulfment of a drug molecule by the cell membrane?
- A) Passive diffusion
- B) Active transport
- C) Endocytosis
- D) Filtration
- Answer: C
- The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) helps determine:
- A) How quickly a drug acts
- B) How drugs are eliminated
- C) How widely a drug distributes throughout the body
- D) The type of dosage form required
- Answer: C
- What type of drug administration is preferred for patients requiring immediate effects?
- A) Oral
- B) Parenteral
- C) Sublingual
- D) Rectal
- Answer: B
- Which factor does not significantly influence drug metabolism?
- A) Age
- B) Route of administration
- C) Drug formulation
- D) Gender
- Answer: C
- Which type of receptors are involved in ligand-gated ion channels?
- A) G-protein coupled receptors
- B) Enzyme-linked receptors
- C) Intracellular receptors
- D) Nicotinic receptors
- Answer: D
- Which of the following is a route for drug excretion besides urine?
- A) Tears
- B) Lungs
- C) Sweat
- D) All of the above
- Answer: D
- Which pharmacokinetic phase involves converting lipophilic drugs to more polar forms?
- A) Absorption
- B) Distribution
- C) Metabolism
- D) Excretion
- Answer: C
- What happens to drugs during first-pass metabolism?
- A) They are completely absorbed
- B) They are metabolized by the liver before reaching systemic circulation
- C) They have enhanced effects
- D) They are excreted in urine
- Answer: B
- Which type of drug administration is most suitable for local effects?
- A) Oral
- B) Parenteral
- C) Topical
- D) Sublingual
- Answer: C
- The term “bioavailability” is affected by:
- A) Route of administration
- B) Dosage form
- C) Both A and B
- D) None of the above
- Answer: C
- Drugs that cannot be absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract are administered via:
- A) Oral route
- B) Sublingual route
- C) Parenteral route
- D) Rectal route
- Answer: C
- What is the primary function of G-protein coupled receptors?
- A) Directly transport drugs across membranes
- B) Regulate intracellular enzyme activity
- C) Facilitate passive diffusion
- D) Excrete metabolites
- Answer: B
