Enhance your understanding of the genitourinary system with MCQs on anatomy, physiology, disorders, and treatments. Prepare effectively for exams with detailed explanations and targeted questions.
- Which diuretic is classified as a thiazide?
- A) Furosemide
- B) Chlorothiazide
- C) Spironolactone
- D) Acetazolamide
- Answer: B
- What is the primary action of loop diuretics like furosemide?
- A) Inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule
- B) Inhibiting sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter in the loop of Henle
- C) Blocking aldosterone receptors
- D) Reducing renal blood flow
- Answer: B
- Spironolactone is classified as a:
- A) Loop diuretic
- B) Thiazide diuretic
- C) Potassium-sparing diuretic
- D) Osmotic diuretic
- Answer: C
- What is a major adverse effect of potassium-sparing diuretics?
- A) Hypokalemia
- B) Hyperkalemia
- C) Hypertension
- D) Hypoglycemia
- Answer: B
- Which diuretic is primarily used in the management of acute glaucoma?
- A) Bumetanide
- B) Mannitol
- C) Chlorothiazide
- D) Spironolactone
- Answer: B
- The primary action of acetazolamide is inhibition of:
- A) Carbonic anhydrase
- B) Sodium-potassium pump
- C) Aldosterone
- D) ADH receptors
- Answer: A
- Which of the following is an osmotic diuretic?
- A) Furosemide
- B) Spironolactone
- C) Mannitol
- D) Chlorothiazide
- Answer: C
- Ritodrine is used primarily for:
- A) Inducing labor
- B) Relaxing uterine muscles
- C) Treating hypertension
- D) Managing acute kidney injury
- Answer: B
- Oxytocin primarily acts on:
- A) Kidneys
- B) Uterine smooth muscle
- C) Bladder
- D) Adrenal glands
- Answer: B
- Ergotamine has which effect on the uterus?
- A) Relaxation
- B) Contraction
- C) Dilation
- D) No effect
- Answer: B
- A major adverse effect of loop diuretics is:
- A) Hypernatremia
- B) Hypokalemia
- C) Hypercalcemia
- D) Hypermagnesemia
- Answer: B
- Which diuretic is most suitable for patients with hyperaldosteronism?
- A) Mannitol
- B) Acetazolamide
- C) Spironolactone
- D) Furosemide
- Answer: C
- Mannitol is contraindicated in which condition?
- A) Acute renal failure
- B) Cerebral edema
- C) Severe dehydration
- D) Acute glaucoma
- Answer: C
- Which diuretic acts by inhibiting NaCl reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule?
- A) Acetazolamide
- B) Furosemide
- C) Chlorothiazide
- D) Mannitol
- Answer: C
- Spironolactone is an antagonist of:
- A) Aldosterone
- B) Vasopressin
- C) ADH
- D) Angiotensin II
- Answer: A
- The most common side effect of thiazide diuretics is:
- A) Hyperkalemia
- B) Hyponatremia
- C) Hypercalcemia
- D) Hypoglycemia
- Answer: B
- Which diuretic would be most effective in treating pulmonary edema?
- A) Acetazolamide
- B) Furosemide
- C) Spironolactone
- D) Chlorothiazide
- Answer: B
- Oxytocin is used to:
- A) Delay labor
- B) Induce labor
- C) Treat urinary incontinence
- D) Manage hypertension
- Answer: B
- Which diuretic can lead to metabolic acidosis?
- A) Acetazolamide
- B) Spironolactone
- C) Mannitol
- D) Furosemide
- Answer: A
- Which class of diuretics is primarily used in hypertension management?
- A) Loop diuretics
- B) Thiazide diuretics
- C) Potassium-sparing diuretics
- D) Osmotic diuretics
- Answer: B
- What is the primary action of bumetanide?
- A) Increasing potassium reabsorption
- B) Inhibiting sodium-chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle
- C) Blocking carbonic anhydrase
- D) Reducing aldosterone secretion
- Answer: B
- Ritodrine is a:
- A) Uterine relaxant
- B) Uterine stimulant
- C) Diuretic
- D) Calcium channel blocker
- Answer: A
- Ergotamine is used clinically to:
- A) Relax smooth muscle
- B) Induce uterine contractions
- C) Treat urinary retention
- D) Manage chronic kidney disease
- Answer: B
- What is a contraindication for spironolactone use?
- A) Hypertension
- B) Hypokalemia
- C) Hyperkalemia
- D) Heart failure
- Answer: C
- Which diuretic is beneficial for preventing calcium kidney stones?
- A) Mannitol
- B) Chlorothiazide
- C) Furosemide
- D) Spironolactone
- Answer: B
- Oxytocin administration requires caution in patients with:
- A) Cardiac disease
- B) Low blood pressure
- C) Dehydration
- D) Osteoporosis
- Answer: A
- Which diuretic is used in mountain sickness prophylaxis?
- A) Furosemide
- B) Acetazolamide
- C) Spironolactone
- D) Mannitol
- Answer: B
- Ergotamine is contraindicated in:
- A) Migraine headaches
- B) Pregnancy
- C) Hypertension
- D) Diabetes
- Answer: B
- Mannitol acts by:
- A) Increasing sodium reabsorption
- B) Osmotically drawing water into the renal tubules
- C) Inhibiting aldosterone
- D) Blocking carbonic anhydrase
- Answer: B
- Spironolactone can cause which hormonal side effect?
- A) Hyperprolactinemia
- B) Gynecomastia
- C) Hyperthyroidism
- D) Addison’s disease
- Answer: B
- Which condition is treated with acetazolamide?
- A) Hypokalemia
- B) Glaucoma
- C) Hypercalcemia
- D) Hypertension
- Answer: B
- Oxytocin is synthesized in the:
- A) Adrenal gland
- B) Hypothalamus
- C) Kidneys
- D) Liver
- Answer: B
- Which diuretic may cause ototoxicity?
- A) Furosemide
- B) Chlorothiazide
- C) Spironolactone
- D) Acetazolamide
- Answer: A
- Mannitol is often used in:
- A) Treating hypertension
- B) Managing cerebral edema
- C) Treating osteoporosis
- D) Managing chronic heart failure
- Answer: B
- Ritodrine acts as a:
- A) Beta-2 adrenergic agonist
- B) Calcium channel blocker
- C) Alpha-1 antagonist
- D) Carbonic
- Answer: A
- The action of thiazides results in:
- A) Hyperkalemia
- B) Hypercalcemia
- C) Hyponatremia
- D) Hypocalcemia
- Answer: B
- Ergotamine acts on which receptor to induce uterine contractions?
- A) Beta-1
- B) Alpha
- C) Dopamine
- D) Muscarinic
- Answer: B
- Which diuretic would be contraindicated in a patient with hyperkalemia?
- A) Mannitol
- B) Spironolactone
- C) Acetazolamide
- D) Chlorothiazide
- Answer: B
- Which diuretic is the most effective for rapid diuresis?
- A) Mannitol
- B) Acetazolamide
- C) Furosemide
- D) Spironolactone
- Answer: C
- What condition is acetazolamide particularly useful in treating?
- A) Cardiac failure
- B) Epilepsy
- C) Asthma
- D) Hyperthyroidism
- Answer: B
- Oxytocin primarily facilitates:
- A) Bronchodilation
- B) Blood clotting
- C) Lactation and uterine contraction
- D) Increased urine output
- Answer: C
- Ritodrine is contraindicated in patients with:
- A) Hyperthyroidism
- B) Asthma
- C) Hypertension
- D) Cardiac arrhythmia
- Answer: D
- Spironolactone is especially useful in:
- A) Osteoporosis
- B) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
- C) Acute renal failure
- D) Hypercalcemia
- Answer: B
- Mannitol is mainly excreted by the:
- A) Lungs
- B) Liver
- C) Kidneys
- D) Skin
- Answer: C
- Acetazolamide causes:
- A) Metabolic alkalosis
- B) Metabolic acidosis
- C) Hyperkalemia
- D) Hypocalcemia
- Answer: B
- Ergotamine should be used cautiously in patients with:
- A) Glaucoma
- B) Hypertension
- C) Hyperthyroidism
- D) Diabetes
- Answer: B
- Thiazides are less effective when the patient has:
- A) Hyperglycemia
- B) Low renal function
- C) High blood pressure
- D) Hypercholesterolemia
- Answer: B
- Oxytocin is often used to prevent:
- A) Uterine atony after childbirth
- B) Asthma attacks
- C) Hyperthyroidism
- D) Hypocalcemia
- Answer: A
- Furosemide works by:
- A) Blocking sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule
- B) Inhibiting Na+/K+/2Cl- transport in the ascending loop of Henle
- C) Blocking aldosterone
- D) Reducing renal blood flow
- Answer: B
- What effect does acetazolamide have on urinary pH?
- A) Increases it
- B) Decreases it
- C) No change
- D) Depends on dosage
- Answer: A
