Prepare for Unit 5 with MCQs on the Cardiovascular System (CVS). Cover topics like heart anatomy, blood vessels, cardiac drugs, and common disorders to enhance your understanding and exam readiness.
- What is the main therapeutic use of ACE inhibitors like captopril?
- A) Treatment of angina
- B) Management of heart failure and hypertension
- C) Reducing heart rate in arrhythmias
- D) Treatment of hyperlipidemia
- Answer: B
- Losartan is classified as which type of cardiovascular drug?
- A) ACE inhibitor
- B) Angiotensin receptor blocker
- C) Beta-blocker
- D) Calcium channel blocker
- Answer: B
- Which drug is commonly used as a positive inotropic agent in heart failure?
- A) Digoxin
- B) Atenolol
- C) Amlodipine
- D) Furosemide
- Answer: A
- The main mechanism of action of nitroglycerin in treating angina is:
- A) Increasing heart rate
- B) Vasodilation by releasing nitric oxide
- C) Blocking calcium channels
- D) Reducing preload and afterload
- Answer: B
- Amiodarone is used for managing:
- A) Hypertension
- B) Heart failure
- C) Bradycardia
- D) Arrhythmias
- Answer: D
- Beta-blockers like propranolol are contraindicated in:
- A) Asthma
- B) Heart failure
- C) Hypertension
- D) Arrhythmias
- Answer: A
- The primary effect of diuretics in treating heart failure is to:
- A) Reduce preload by increasing urine output
- B) Increase heart rate
- C) Enhance cardiac contractility
- D) Lower blood glucose levels
- Answer: A
- What is the action of calcium channel blockers like verapamil on the cardiovascular system?
- A) Increase cardiac output
- B) Lower blood pressure by vasodilation
- C) Enhance sodium retention
- D) Stimulate adrenergic receptors
- Answer: B
- Which class of drugs is most effective in treating stable angina?
- A) Beta-blockers
- B) ACE inhibitors
- C) Diuretics
- D) Statins
- Answer: A
- Which adverse effect is common with the use of ACE inhibitors?
- A) Hyperkalemia
- B) Bradycardia
- C) Hyperglycemia
- D) Reflex tachycardia
- Answer: A
- Sodium nitroprusside is primarily used in which situation?
- A) Chronic hypertension management
- B) Emergency hypertensive crisis
- C) Angina prevention
- D) Heart failure management
- Answer: B
- How do angiotensin receptor blockers like losartan reduce blood pressure?
- A) Inhibiting renin release
- B) Blocking angiotensin II receptors
- C) Reducing sodium absorption
- D) Increasing heart rate
- Answer: B
- What is the primary therapeutic effect of digoxin in heart failure?
- A) Decreasing heart rate
- B) Increasing myocardial contractility
- C) Lowering blood pressure
- D) Reducing fluid retention
- Answer: B
- Which of the following drugs is a direct vasodilator?
- A) Propranolol
- B) Sodium nitroprusside
- C) Furosemide
- D) Verapamil
- Answer: B
- Calcium channel blockers are used in the treatment of:
- A) Hypotension
- B) Heart block
- C) Hypertension and arrhythmias
- D) Congestive heart failure
- Answer: C
- Which class of drugs can worsen heart failure symptoms by causing fluid retention?
- A) Calcium channel blockers
- B) ACE inhibitors
- C) Diuretics
- D) Beta-blockers
- Answer: A
- What is the mechanism of action of beta-blockers in hypertension?
- A) Reducing cardiac output
- B) Increasing sodium excretion
- C) Blocking aldosterone secretion
- D) Dilating blood vessels
- Answer: A
- Which medication is used as first-line treatment for acute angina attacks?
- A) Verapamil
- B) Nitroglycerin
- C) Digoxin
- D) Furosemide
- Answer: B
- Amiodarone’s antiarrhythmic properties include:
- A) Blocking sodium channels
- B) Blocking potassium channels
- C) Both A and B
- D) Inhibiting beta receptors
- Answer: C
- ACE inhibitors should be avoided during pregnancy because they are:
- A) Teratogenic
- B) Hepatotoxic
- C) Nephrotoxic
- D) Neurotoxic
- Answer: A
- Which of the following is an effect of propranolol on the heart?
- A) Increased cardiac contractility
- B) Decreased heart rate
- C) Increased oxygen demand
- D) Vasodilation
- Answer: B
- Diuretics are commonly combined with antihypertensive drugs to:
- A) Enhance sodium absorption
- B) Increase fluid retention
- C) Improve blood pressure control
- D) Stimulate the sympathetic nervous system
- Answer: C
- What is the primary goal of antianginal therapy?
- A) Increase heart rate
- B) Reduce myocardial oxygen demand
- C) Enhance renal function
- D) Lower blood pressure
- Answer: B
- Which type of diuretic is most commonly used in the treatment of hypertension?
- A) Loop diuretics
- B) Potassium-sparing diuretics
- C) Thiazide diuretics
- D) Osmotic diuretics
- Answer: C
- Which medication is used to treat arrhythmias by prolonging the action potential duration?
- A) Furosemide
- B) Amiodarone
- C) Propranolol
- D) Captopril
- Answer: B
- ACE inhibitors help in heart failure by:
- A) Increasing heart rate
- B) Reducing blood pressure and afterload
- C) Decreasing sodium excretion
- D) Enhancing myocardial contractility
- Answer: B
- What is the mechanism of action of statins in managing cardiovascular disease?
- A) Reducing triglyceride absorption
- B) Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
- C) Increasing HDL cholesterol
- D) Blocking bile acid reabsorption
- Answer: B
- What type of drug is commonly used to manage atrial fibrillation?
- A) Inotropic agents
- B) Anticoagulants
- C) Nitrates
- D) Diuretics
- Answer: B
- Which of the following can cause reflex tachycardia as a side effect?
- A) ACE inhibitors
- B) Calcium channel blockers
- C) Beta-blockers
- D) Diuretics
- Answer: B
- Which antihypertensive agent also provides renal protection in diabetic patients?
- A) Beta-blockers
- B) ACE inhibitors
- C) Calcium channel blockers
- D) Diuretics
- Answer: B
- Amiodarone is structurally related to which hormone?
- A) Thyroxine
- B) Insulin
- C) Cortisol
- D) Adrenaline
- Answer: A
- Verapamil, as a calcium channel blocker, is contraindicated in:
- A) Hypertension
- B) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
- C) Stable angina
- D) Supraventricular tachycardia
- Answer: B
- Which agent is considered a first-line treatment for hypertension?
- A) Furosemide
- B) Thiazide diuretics
- C) Amiodarone
- D) Nitroglycerin
- Answer: B
- For which cardiovascular condition are beta-blockers primarily used? – A) Hyperlipidemia B) Atrial fibrillation
- C) Peripheral artery disease
- D) Varicose veins
- Answer: B
- Which electrolyte disturbance is a potential risk with diuretic therapy?
- A) Hypercalcemia
- B) Hypokalemia
- C) Hypermagnesemia
- D) Hyperphosphatemia
- Answer: B
- What is the effect of digoxin on the heart?
- A) Negative inotropy
- B) Positive inotropy
- C) Positive chronotropy
- D) Negative dromotropy
- Answer: B
- Angiotensin II receptor blockers can prevent which cardiovascular condition?
- A) Hyperlipidemia
- B) Myocardial infarction
- C) Hypertension
- D) Arrhythmias
- Answer: C
- Which drug class is used for managing both hypertension and angina?
- A) ACE inhibitors
- B) Calcium channel blockers
- C) Loop diuretics
- D) Inotropic agents
- Answer: B
- The drug spironolactone acts as a:
- A) Calcium channel blocker
- B) Potassium-sparing diuretic
- C) ACE inhibitor
- D) Vasodilator
- Answer: B
- Beta-blockers decrease blood pressure by:
- A) Increasing blood volume
- B) Reducing cardiac output
- C) Dilating blood vessels
- D) Blocking sodium channels
- Answer: B
- Hydralazine primarily acts as a:
- A) Diuretic
- B) Vasodilator
- C) Beta-blocker
- D) Calcium channel blocker
- Answer: B
- Which condition is treated with lipid-lowering agents like statins?
- A) Atrial fibrillation
- B) Hypertension
- C) Hyperlipidemia
- D) Heart failure
- Answer: C
- Clopidogrel is used to:
- A) Lower blood pressure
- B) Reduce platelet aggregation
- C) Enhance myocardial contractility
- D) Block calcium channels
- Answer: B
- Which class of drugs can cause an increased risk of bradycardia?
- A) ACE inhibitors
- B) Beta-blockers
- C) Diuretics
- D) Nitrates
- Answer: B
- The combination of ACE inhibitors and diuretics is commonly used for:
- A) Increasing heart rate
- B) Reducing blood pressure
- C) Enhancing diuresis
- D) Lowering cholesterol
- Answer: B
- What is the therapeutic role of nitrates in angina?
- A) Lowering heart rate
- B) Reducing myocardial oxygen consumption
- C) Increasing blood volume
- D) Blocking sodium channels
- Answer: B
- The most common side effect of nitroglycerin is:
- A) Constipation
- B) Headache
- C) Hyperglycemia
- D) Bradycardia
- Answer: B
- Which class of drugs is indicated for treating atrial fibrillation?
- A) Inotropic agents
- B) Anticoagulants
- C) Statins
- D) Vasodilators
- Answer: B
- Amlodipine belongs to which class of cardiovascular drugs?
- A) Beta-blockers
- B) ACE inhibitors
- C) Calcium channel blockers
- D) Diuretics
- Answer: C
- What is the primary mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors in heart failure?
- A) Increasing heart rate
- B) Reducing afterload
- C) Blocking calcium channels
- D) Increasing sodium reabsorption
- Answer: B
